How Does Arthur Miller s The Crucible Explore The Place...

How does Arthur Miller’s The Crucible explore the place of the individual in society? Similar to Tocqueville before him, John Stuart Mill was critical about the American democracy and its resulting social pressures on the individual. The consequences of the tyranny of conformity sat at the forefront of his mind. Frank Prochaska in his review of Mill described the term as ‘a society in which scarcely any person had the courage to dissent.’ Arthur Miller draws on this idea in The Crucible by exploring the individual’s place in society as something firmly rooted and inescapable, as well as the individual’s place as capable of changing society through having the courage to deny society what it asks. The Crucible depicts the protagonist as having to come to terms with the community to understand themselves and their position within it. Miller uses the motif of social pressures and religious laws to set up the basis for the play, with the Salem citizens entrenched in a society that relies on strict social norms to maintain order in the community. An almost exact definition of tyranny of conformity. Individuality, here, is the ability to retreat into families and homes. In 1692, however, Salem is shaken at its foundations by greed for land from neighbours and insecurity in property. Furthermore, the Reverend Parris, head of the theocracy, is materialistic and is focused on his own needs over the communities. The struggle for the communities survival is what brings about the witchShow MoreRelatedAccusation And Defense Of The Salem Witchcraft Trials1658 Words   |  7 PagesRESEARCH PAPER Accusation and defense in the Salem witchcraft trials Suraj Gamal History 1301-73001-73002 JOE L. MCCAMBRIDGE - HISTORY 1301-1302 One of the most infamous Trial in history took place on March 1, 1692. According, to the Library of Congress, Massachusetts authorities catechized Sarah Good, Sarah Osborne, and an Indian Slave, Tituba regarding their practice in witchcraft. The trial resulted in more than 150 men and women in and around Salem jailed on charges of practicing WitchcraftRead MoreWhy Is the Crucible so Called Essay2321 Words   |  10 PagesHow is #8216;The Crucible#8217; appropriately titled? The word #8216;crucible#8217; is used by Arthur Miller in his play as a metaphor. The first definition of the word crucible is: a melting pot especially for metals. In the play this is first acknowledged during the first act, as we gradually piece together the information concerning the girls dancing. The #8216;kettle#8217; viewed by Reverend Parris mirrors a crucible. We are told that the girls had made a brew which contained aRead More Why Is The Crucible So Called Essay2263 Words   |  10 Pages How is The Crucible appropriately titled? The word crucible is used by Arthur Miller in his play as a metaphor. The first definition of the word crucible is: a melting pot especially for metals. In the play this is first acknowledged during the first act, as we gradually piece together the information concerning the girls dancing. The kettle viewed by Reverend Parris mirrors a crucible. We are told that the girls had made a brew which contained a little frog and blood is therefore viewedRead More Arthur Millers The Crucible Essay3348 Words   |  14 PagesArthur Millers The Crucible The Crucible was written in 1952 by the twentieth century American playwright Arthur Miller (1915-.) Miller was born in New York and educated at the University of Michigan where he began to write plays. Most of Millers plays are set in contemporary America and on the whole offer a realistic portrayal of life and society and the theme of self-realization is re-current e.g. John Proctor in The Crucible. The Crucible was the third play Miller wroteRead More How Does Miller convey his Message through The Crucible? Essay examples3147 Words   |  13 PagesHow Does Miller convey his Message through The Crucible? In this essay, I will explore the message communicated through The Crucible to its audience, and the way in which its author, Arthur Miller, attempts to convey it, especially through one of the plays main characters, John Proctor. The main issues raised by the play are the role of the individual within society, the value of ones name and perceptions of justice and truth. I shall endeavour to expand on all of these topics and theirRead More The Role of Alfieri in Miller’s A View from the Bridge Essay7327 Words   |  30 PagesThe Role of Alfieri in Miller’s A View from the Bridge Arthur Miller is now regarded as one of the world’s greatest dramatists. In his plays he explores the struggles of the ordinary man against authority and insurmountable odds. It is his ability to dramatize the attempts to find the balance between the different conflicts of life that is Miller’s feature as a writer. â€Å"Many of his plays look at the position of the individual in relation to their responsibilities and position in society andRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturersRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesdevelopment of Rasta that deï ¬ es the notion that it is a movement of the insane and the misguided. Given the way in which Rastafarianism has arrived in the world, it is useful when someone is able to help us understand its origins and propose how we can then comprehend how it functions in the world today. Again and again, I encounter students who are interested in reggae music and the music of Bob Marley, but they remain deeply puzzled by Rastafarianism because of its seemingly peculiar tenets of faithRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesValue I. Valuation 229 229 253 279 1. The Value−Based Management Framework: An Overview 2. Why Value Value? 4. The Value Manager Harvard Business Review Finance Articles Eclipse of the Public Corporation 308 308 323 323 330 330 Article How I Learned to Live with Wall Street Article Second Thoughts on Going Public Article Reed−Lajoux †¢ The Art of M A: Merger/Acquisitions/Buyout Guide, Third Edition 10. Postmerger Integration 336 336 Text Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh †¢ InternationalRead MoreCrossing the Chasm76808 Words   |  308 Pagesdeep-rooted, and so the pattern is very persistent. As a result, marketers can predict its appearance and build strategies to cope with it, and it is the purpose of this book to help in that process. But fixing your position relative to the North Star does not keep water out of the boat. As the French proverb says, â€Å"God loves a sailor, but he has to row for himself.† And in that act of rowing the work is huge and the risks high, and every reader of this book who is also a practitioner of high-tech

Research Assignment Praising Students Free Essays

Research Assignment: Praising Students I chose to do my research activity on the article titled Caution: Praise Can Be Dangerous by Carol S. Dweck. The main goal that Dweck wanted to achieve was to prove that praising your students on their intelligence can in fact affect their academic achievement in a bad way. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Assignment: Praising Students or any similar topic only for you Order Now 85 percent of parents thought they needed to praise their children’s intelligence in order to assure that they were smart (Dweck 4). It was thought that if you boost a student’s self esteem that it would help them academically, but in certain ways, this was wrong. The problems that the article dealt with were that if praise wasn’t handled properly, then â€Å"it can become a negative force, or a drug that rather than strengthening students, it makes them passive and dependent on the opinion of others† (Dweck, 4). If you use praise correctly, then it will help the students realize the value of effort, and become fulfilled with the accomplishments that they achieved on their own and want to succeed more. They also will have a better time dealing with any setbacks. The theory that was said to be true about praising students was that: â€Å"Giving students many opportunities to experience success and then praising them for their success will indicate to them that they are intelligent if they feel good about their intelligence they will achieve. They will love learning and be confident and successful learners† (Dweck 4). Educators had this theory wrong because research shows that giving students easy tasks and praising their success just says to the students that in a way you think their unintelligent. In order to prove this theory wrong, Dwecks along with Melissa Kamins and Claudia Miller held an experiment. This experiment was conducted of six different studies with more than 400 fifth graders. The goal was to study the effects of praising children for being intelligent. Among the 400 fifth graders, they included people of different ethnicities, races, and socioeconomic backgrounds, and were tested from all different parts of the country. This prevented any faults or biased opinions to be conducted in the experiment. They also made sure that some students were taken from schools in the city and some in more rural areas. This is something that you would want to do in any experiment given in order to get a variety of different subjects. First they began working with students one at a time on a more challenging puzzle task that was easy enough for them to all do well on it. They praised one third of the children for their intelligence, saying that they were â€Å"very smart† for knowing how to do that and telling that they got a certain amount correct and that they were amazed by it. The second group of people were tested and were told that they got a good score and praised on their effort of the task. The last third of the group was praised on their performance, with no comment on why they were successful. After the experiment, all students were happy about the outcome and were eager to do their take-home practice problems and were confident on their future performances. During the second part of the experiment, the same students were asked if they wanted to try a more challenging task from which they could learn a lot (but might not succeed) or an easier one where they would do well and look smart. Students praised on intelligence said they wanted to do the easier one, and 90% of the students that were praised on effort wanted to do the more challenging task. (The ones tested on performance were 50/50, so she wasn’t going to focus on them. ) When it came time to actually do the harder task, the students tested on intelligence didn’t like it and weren’t interested in doing the take home problems. They even started questioning their intelligence thinking they were dumb. The effort tested students liked the task and some even like the harder problems better than the easier ones! This is where we start seeing the differences in the right and wrong types of praising. When we praise children for intelligence , were teaching them that this is what they want to achieve. They want to look and feel smart, so don’t risk making a mistake. When we praise them on effort and hard work, they realize the value of what they’re doing to succeed and get to realize their improvement and efforts, therefore having a better long-term successful academic achievement. For the last part of the experiment, they had the students go back and re-do the first task that they had did before. The intelligence students had an even worse performance and did worse than the first time, and the effort students performed the best and better than they did in the first place. After this, they were to write a litter to a student in another school telling them about the tasks that they had to do and how they tried them. The intelligence students actually lied about their scores to make them seem smarter, and the effort students didn’t exaggerate at all on their performance. This just says that failure becomes more of a problem when we praise students on intelligence, and they think that intelligence is something that you either don’t or do have instead of being a skill or knowledge. Our students should know that there are tasks and problems that they aren’t going to know how to do and that it shouldn’t discourage them, but make them want to learn more about it because they’re trying so hard and doing a great job of learning. This experiment was applied to education very well by the author herself. She states that you can’t just forget about the students feelings because what we say to them will affect how they think that we view them. We can praise our students as much as we want, BUT we need to do it when they learn or do well, and NOT praise them on how smart they are because it stops the students from setting the bar any higher. Dweck wants us to â€Å"rave about their effort and ask questions that show intelligent appreciation† (8). This would be a proper way to praise the students because you can still remind them that they are intelligent, but in a way that they are doing the right thing effort wise and giving it their all. You can’t waste your student’s time by giving them tasks that are too easy that make them look good, but need to test their ability and give them more challenging responsibilities. Dwecks even tested these theories on students going into junior high from elementary school and going into college from high school. She found that the students who believed that intelligence was fixed and that a poor grade or performance meant that they were dumb, and some wanted to consider cheating if they didn’t do well. These students did even worse grade wise than they did in elementary school and didn’t grow intellectually. However, students who believed that intellect can be developed, and that a bad performance was because of lack of their effort and they needed to study more. These students were in the right mind set to allow the new school environment to encourage them to do well in school. All in all, student’s ideas and levels of intelligence can be influenced by the messages that they receive from teachers and parents. We need to encourage and praise them on their efforts, not their intelligence. We can allow them to feel smart in different ways instead of just telling them, â€Å"Wow! You got this many right, you must be really smart, good job! † This will make them want to get this reaction so they keep their achievement and difficulty level low so they can seem smart. This will keep them on the road to disappointment academically. Keep your students on task and striving for new goals and wanting to learn. Like Dwecks says, â€Å"Believing is Achieving! † How to cite Research Assignment: Praising Students, Essays

International Organizations for Standards-Samples for Students

Question: Analyse one Quality Standard. Answer: Introduction ISO- International organisation of standard was initiated in 1946 but got implemented in 1947. There are various standards that are involved under ISO for providing quality and authentic services. One of the standards in the series of ISO is ISO 10002. This standard handles the grievances of the customers and provides customer satisfaction. There is a well-defined committee which resolves all these complaints and relieve customers. The report argues in detail about ISO 10002, standardisation and clauses it consists of. Process of solving problem and application for certification are broadly discussed. The dual phases of the standard have been briefly quoted along with their usage in USA, Europe and Asia. The particular standard is been compared with other standards that prevails. Benefits in favour of companies and customers are discussed concisely. In nutshell, the entire report describes about ISO 10002:2014, the new version after 10002:2004 discussing aspects and process of problem solving and gaining consumers trust along with learning from the complaints for future enhancement which is beneficial to both the organisation and customers Objective of ISO The main objective for the development of ISO is to maintain the quality standard and it helps the management to take efficient decisions. The guidelines of these standards are made available to companies so that they can follow those instructions and register themselves with the international organisation for standard and gain the certificate. Another objective of ISO is to retain the image and be answerable in the market i.e. should accomplish the social obligation (Markgraf, 2017). ISO 10002:2014- Quality management, customer satisfaction grievance handling ISO 10002:2014 deals with handling of the complaints in order to assure customer satisfaction by providing standard quality. The standard involves small business unit as well. This benchmark basically focuses on consumer satisfaction and soughing out the consumers problem thereby increasing efficiency of the organisations product and services. As per ISO 10002:2014, organisation review the problems and the root cause of the disturbance arising. After figuring out those causes it concentrates on alternatives to solve the complainants issue. There is a definite process of registering the complaints which is clearly explained and goes easy. The criticism is studied thoroughly and measures are taken to bring improvisation in the quality rendered (ISO, n.d.). The objection that arises is treated as opportunity by the organisation because resolving those problems will enhance the knowledge and broadens the area of improvement and innovation in the products and services. Through these complaints area, ignored market pop up and grabs the managers attention to focus on such portion for more advancement. Employees are provided special training for resolving the accusation. They are enriched with the top managements advice and healthy communication gets promoted. The specific quorum is been set which is meant only for decoding the protest. Applying for ISO 10002 The procedure for gaining the ISO 10002 certificate is sweet and simple. The company need to apply for the certification. When application has been filled up the applicant is allotted with a client manager who then will assist the aspirant during entire operation. First of all gap analysis is conducted, though not so compulsory but it alleviate in finding out the difference between the prevailing complaint system of the company to that of ISO 10002 and therefore efforts are made to cover up those gaps. This step makes it easy for the client to focus on only the affected area. On performing gap analysis the formal assessment is taken under consideration which further contains 2 steps. In first step the readiness of organisation for the changes is verified and required ISO 10002 process and concepts are applied. On finding certain aperture the organisation contacts to the client company to fulfil those fractures. In second step if everything is found on place than internal analysis is made to evaluate whether ISO processing is required or not and that all things are efficiently working as per the standard. On clearing the formal assessment check the company became eligible to gain the certificate. The validity of such certificate is for 3 years and by that time the client manager stays in touch and visits the organisation to keep a check over the working that the company is not just handling complaint but also growing simultaneously (Bsigroup, 2017). Clauses of standard As discussed earlier the standard 10002 deals with handling complaint and enhancing customer satisfaction by improving quality measures. There are certain clauses that follow: Clause 1-Scope: The advices regarding redressing of the problem is rendered along with it they undertake planning activity, operational task, designing of product, its maintenance and the final improvisations are initiated. Clause 2-Normative references: These include the references of documents. If the references are dated than the previous edition are applied and in case the references are not dated than latest edition along with amendments are taken into consideration. Clause 3-Terms and definition: It involves definition of various terms used in ISO 10002. Some of these are: - complainant, customer, complaint, customer satisfaction, customer service, objective, process, quality. Clause 4-Guiding principles: Sticking up to guidelines provided regarding filing complaint, complaint handling procedure, urgent delivery of complaint without delay, impartial solution to be given, confidentiality of complaint to be maintained, the organisation should be customer oriented. Clause 5-Complaint handling framework: The framework of complaint handling to be strictly followed. The organisation should be committed towards problem solving. Clause 6- Planning and design: In this clause the appropriate planning should be conducted as to how the problem will be redressed and blueprint of it will be designed. Relevant allocation of resources needs to be implemented. Clause 7- Operation of complaints handling process: It involves the free flow of communication, urgent receipt of complaint; investigation of complaint; response to those complaints; closing up the complaints. Clause 8- Maintenance and improvement: Tailor-made information should be presented and changes if any need to be inculcated (ISO, n.d.). Pros and cons related to this standard Every aspect contains the dual sides either positive or negative. Certain benefits and drawbacks of ISO 10002 are: Benefits: It helps in holding the customers and creates a strong bond with them. As it is authentic source thus sense of trust is gained. The complaint process is carried out which enables reviewing, studying and finding out best possible solution to customers problem. The improvisation is continuous in nature (Rensselar, 2014). Drawbacks: Misinterpretation while handling complaints. Dissatisfaction among customers on delay resolves. Patience behaviour towards customer is needed and they need to explain minute aspect clearly to the customers which at times become a difficult task. Unable to provide the required services results in losing customers (Arrizabalagauriarte, 2016). Practical example Certain live examples to be concerned where ISO 10002:2014 is applied: Complaints from small companies regarding computer technology and cloud computing are resolved by the predefined committee (Krautzel, 2015). ISO 10002 assists in data collection for small companies that fall under Annex A. It resolves the disturbances occurring on social media like piracy, fakeness under Facebook, hacking of Twitter account. It is applicable in all type of organisations be it public, private or voluntary organisations like- hospitals and medical centre, consultancy, construction companies etc. (Ursindia, 2017). Comparison of ISO 10002 with other standards ISO 10002:2014 basically deals with complaint handling and consumer satisfaction whereas there are various other standards as well which concerns about other qualities. ISO 9000 covers only quality management system whereas ISO 39001:2012 handles road traffic system management. ISO 14001 works upon environment management system and ISO 27001 argues about information security management system. Other ISO standard like ISO 50001 quoted energy management system contrary to ISO 26000 which discusses social obligations need to be followed. Therefore, the series of standard continue involving almost entire aspect that exists at world level (NBIZ Infosol, 2016). Benefits to customers and companies Benefits of ISO 10002 to customers: ISO 10002 helps customer to resolve their queries on immediate aspect. Customer gains loyalty. Customers get trusted brand. The service seeker acquires the utmost satisfaction. They get the qualitative services (ISO, n.d.). Benefits of ISO 10002 to companies: Increment in retaining the customers. Increasing efficiency of work. Enhancing knowledge by learning through problems. Branding gets created. Betterment in customer- company relationship. Positive word of mouth publicity (ISO certification services, 2014). Usage of ISO in USA, Europe and Asia In USA, American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is the member of ISO in US and is willingly working for their citizens to accomplish the needs and provide standardisation and quality to the people over there (ANSI, 2017). It is established since 1918.In Europe the European Environmental Citizens Organisation for Standardisation (ECOS) is followed which focuses on the environment protection paying emphasis on nature and its resources. As per Asia the focus is on raised quality and standardisation of services for which various series have been constructed. Conclusion From the above discussion it would be concluded that ISO which is a non- profit organisation deals with quality and standard of services. There are series of standard that can be consulted for various issues. ISO 10002:2014 is based on grievance solving and customer satisfaction. The entire process along with filing application for certification has been discussed. Pros and cons of the standard are involved with the benefits of the prescribed standard from the view point of customer and companies. Usage of ISO has been briefly explained with reference to USA, Europe and Asia. References ANSI (2017). ISO programs-overview. Viewed on 18th June 2017. https://www.ansi.org/standards_activities/iso_programs/overview. Arrizabalagauriarte (2016). ISO 10002: complaints as an opportunity for improvement. Viewed on 18th June 2017. https://arrizabalagauriarte.com/en/norma-iso-10002-las-reclamaciones-oportunidad-mejora/. Bsigroup (2017). ISO 10002 customer satisfaction. Viewed on 18th June 2017. https://www.bsigroup.com/en-IN/ISO-10002-Customer-Satisfaction-and-Complaints-Handling/. Certification Europe (2012). Certification and training system. viewed on 18th June 2017. https://certificationeurope.com/about/. ISO (n.d.). How standards benefits consumers. Viewed on 19th June 2017. https://www.iso.org/sites/ConsumersStandards/1_standards.html. Iso, n.d., The ISO story, viewed on 15th June 2017, https://www.iso.org/the-iso-story.html. ISO certification services (2014). Benefits of ISO 10002. Viewed on 18th June 2017. https://www.isocertificationservice.com/news/benefits-of-iso-10002/. Krautzel (2015). ISO 10002-2014 Sets the Benchmark for Continuous Improvement. Viewed on 18th June 2017. https://www.beyond.com/articles/iso-10002-2014-sets-the-benchmark-for-continuous-improvement-16975-article.html . Markgraf, B. (2017). ISO International standards organisation objective. Viewed on 18th June 2017. https://smallbusiness.chron.com/iso-international-standards-organization-objectives-67161.html. Nbiz Infosol (2016). ISO 10002- Quality management- customer satisfaction. Viewed on 19th June 2017. https://nbizinfosol.com/iso-certifications/iso-10002-quality-management-customer-satisfaction . Rensselar, V. (2014). The pros and cons of ISO. Viewed on 18th June 2017. https://insurancenewsnet.com/oarticle/The-pros-and-cons-of-ISO-a-567447. Ursindia (2017). Iso 10002- Complaint management system. Viewed on 1th June 2017. https://www.ursindia.com/iso_10002.aspx

The Upanishads Views Essays - Nondualism, Indian Philosophy

The Upanishads Views The Upanishads views The Upanishads, were mystical and speculative texts. They have influenced Indian religious thought and spiritual philosophy as well as Buddhism and Jainism. The Upanishads define Brahman using how the world it creates. They are the basis of classical philosophies, which is known as Vedanta. According to Vedanta (The Upanishads) there are two different views which identify Brahman. 1) Theistic Vedanta and 2) Advaita Vedanta. Firstly, Theistic Vedanta is something that has to do with god. It explains that Brahman is more of a personal god. Brahman is said to be not totally identical to everything, but all things are part of Brahman. All of this theory is called emarationism. So with this view we can say that there is one god whom is the creator of all being and universe. And everything is a part of this god. Secondly, the Advaita Vedanta, Brahman is like an impersonal force. More like a monistic view, which means that there is only one reality. It says that Brahman is the only thing that can exist . Everything else is an illusion. Here there is an eternal non-dual consciousness. All things are just these consciousness-misperceived illusions. I think both of these views face problems. First the Theistic Vedanta; In this view Brahman is identified as one god which created everything. However I think there is a missing point in this definition. It says there is only one god and it's not identical to anything, but all thing are part of Brahman. In my opinion the concept of being one god, one creator is a supreme thing, god is above everybody and anything. I don't think that since he created everything that everything has to be part from him. To acknowledge god I think that all that is needed to done is to observe the things he created for example, a simple cell of a plant or human, even then one can see it's endless absolute power and these things necessarily don't have to be parts form Brahman. Secondly, The Advaita Vedanta in this view god is seen as a force. It is neither present nor not existing. It says that it's the only thing that exists among everything. Everything we see is a fa?ade and while trying to understand god one should remember that nothing we do or see even our selves is just the illusion of our consciousness. I think in this view the thing I don't understand or I see as a problem is that how come we can feel , touch anything we can see around us like a table , pencil? . If everything is an illusion of our minds misperceived concepts, how come there is life and death . I assume that an illusion should be a trick to the human eye or unreal dreams that are thought to be real . But all these things are not because we can not smell , touch or fell them in the contrary they are temporary. If we weren't real there wouldn't be suffering, poverty and death but there would be eternal perfection. I think both views are satisfactory up to a level. They are both the oldest views of Indian philosophy and it has influenced many religions. For the time that they were practiced ( they still are) The answers they provided were satisfactory for the people. However today for example their definition of god ? Brahman is not enough for m Philosophy Essays

Operation Lila Scuttling of the French Fleet

Operation Lila Scuttling of the French Fleet Conflict Date: Operation Lila and the scuttling of the French fleet occurred on November 27, 1942, during World War II (1939-1945). Forces Commanders: French Admiral Jean de LabordeAdmiral Andrà © Marquis64 warships, numerous support vessels and patrol boats Germany Generaloberst Johannes BlaskowitzArmy Group G Operation Lila Background: With the Fall of France in June 1940, the French Navy ceased to operate against the Germans and Italians. To prevent the enemy from obtaining the French ships, the British attacked Mers-el-Kebir in July and fought the Battle of Dakar in September. In the wake of these engagements, the ships of the French Navy were concentrated at Toulon where they remained under French control but were either disarmed or deprived of fuel. At Toulon, command was divided between Admiral Jean de Laborde, who led the Forces de Haute Mer (High Seas Fleet) and Admiral Andrà © Marquis, the Prefet Maritime who oversaw the base. The situation at Toulon remained quiet for over two years until Allied forces landed in French North Africa as part of Operation Torch on November 8, 1942. Concerned about an Allied attack through the Mediterranean, Adolf Hitler ordered the implementation of Case Anton which saw German troops under General Johannes Blaskowitz occupy Vichy France beginning on November 10. Though many in the French fleet initially resented the Allied invasion, a desire to join the fight against the Germans soon swept through the fleet with chants in support of General Charles de Gaulle erupting from different ships. The Situation Changes: In North Africa, the commander of Vichy French forces, Admiral Franà §ois Darlan, was captured and began supporting the Allies. Ordering a ceasefire on November 10, he sent a personal message to de Laborde to ignore orders from the Admiralty to remain in port and to sail to Dakar with the fleet. Knowing of Darlans change in loyalty and personally disliking his superior, de Laborde ignored the request. As German forces moved to occupy Vichy France, Hitler desired to take the French fleet by force. He was dissuaded from this by Grand Admiral Erich Raeder who stated that the French officers would honor their armistice pledge not to allow their ships to fall into the hands of a foreign power. Instead, Raeder proposed that Toulon be left unoccupied and its defense entrusted to the Vichy French forces. While Hitler agreed to Raeders plan on the surface, he pressed on with his goal of taking the fleet. Once secured, the larger surface ships were to be transferred to the Italians while the submarines and smaller vessels would join the Kriegsmarine. On November 11, French Secretary of the Navy Gabriel Auphan instructed de Laborde and Marquis that they were to oppose the entry of foreign forces into naval facilities and onto French ships, though force was not to be used. If this could not be done, the ships were to be scuttled. Four days later, Auphan met with de Laborde and tried to persuade him to take the fleet to North Africa to join the Allies. Laborde refused stating his would only sail with written orders from the government. On November 18, the Germans demanded that the Vichy Army be disbanded. As a result, sailors were taken from the fleet to man the defenses and German and Italian forces moved closer to the city. This meant that it would be more difficult to prepare ths ships for sea if a breakout were to be attempted. A breakout would have been possible as the French crews had, through falsification of reports and tampering with gauges, brought aboard enough fuel for a run to North Africa. The next several days saw defensive preparations continue, including the placing of scuttling charges, as well as de Laborde requiring his officers to pledge their loyalty to the Vichy government. Operation Lila: On November 27, the Germans commenced Operation Lila with the goal of occupying Toulon and seizing the fleet. Comprised of elements from the 7th Panzer Division and 2nd SS Panzer Division, four combat teams entered the city around 4:00 AM. Quickly taking Fort Lamalgue, they captured Marquis but failed to prevent his chief of staff from sending a warning. Stunned by the German treachery, de Laborde issued orders to prepare for scuttling and to defend the ships until they had sunk. Advancing through Toulon, the Germans occupied heights overlooking the channel and air-dropped mines to prevent a French escape. Reaching the gates of the naval base, the Germans were delayed by the sentries who demanded paperwork allowing admission. By 5:25 AM, German tanks entered the base and de Laborde issued the scuttle order from his flagship Strasbourg. Fighting soon broke out along the waterfront, with the Germans coming under fire from the ships. Out-gunned, the Germans attempted to negotiate, but were unable to board most vessels in time to prevent their sinking. German troops successfully boarded the cruiser Dupleix and closed its sea valves, but were driven off by explosions and fires in its turrets. Soon the Germans were surrounded by sinking and burning ships. By the end of the day, they had only succeeded in taking three disarmed destroyers, four damaged submarines, and three civilian vessels. Aftermath: In the fighting of November 27, the French lost 12 killed and 26 wounded, while the Germans suffered one wounded. In scuttling the fleet, the French destroyed 77 vessels, including 3 battleships, 7 cruisers, 15 destroyers, and 13 torpedo boats. Five submarines managed to get underway, with three reaching North Africa, one Spain, and the last forced to scuttle at the mouth of the harbor. The surface ship Leonor Fresnel also escaped. While Charles de Gaulle and the Free French severely criticized the action, stating that the fleet should have tried to escape, the scuttling prevented the ships from falling into Axis hands. While salvage efforts began, none of the larger ships saw service again during the war. After the liberation of France, de Laborde was tried and convicted of treason for not trying to save the fleet. Found guilty, he was sentenced to death. This was soon commuted to life imprisonment before he was granted clemency in 1947. Selected Sources Battleships Cruisers: Scuttling at ToulonHistory.com: French Scuttle Their Fleet

Aldous Huxley’s Shakespearian Dystopia

The Shakespearean dystopia of Aldous Huxley Shakespeare’s works revel as masterpieces centuries after their debut, influencing generations of writers including 20th century author Aldous Huxley. Huxley’s 1932 novel, Brave New World, stands as a distinct reincarnation of Shakespeare’s The Tempest, fusing a disturbing reality of a dystopian future with the key aspects of a classical Shakespearian piece. Ira Grushow highlights the similarities of these two pieces to determine Huxley’s question between innovation and emotion. Grushow reveals astounding evidence that links Huxley’s Brave New World to Shakespeare’s The Tempest by acknowledging the characteristics of Shakespeare’s piece and how they overlay Huxley’s critique on society and human values. Huxley’s novel, at its core, comes across as a reincarnation of The Tempest. Grushow exposes this by drawing comparisons between characters in both pieces. The article specifies how Bernard compares to Caliban as a â€Å"deformed monster and unwilling slave of Prospero,† (Grushow 43). Huxley intentionally made Bernard â€Å"eight centimetres short of the standard Alpha height,† and points it out continuously as a deformity (Huxley 64). Additionally, Huxley displays Mustapha Mond as â€Å"a father†¦to†¦ all under his care† (Grushow 44). A direct connection to Prospero, the father and controller in Shakespeare’s piece, Huxley demonstrates deeper insight into the traits of Shakespeare’s Prospero through Mond. Mond meets a different end then Prospero which allows Huxley to explore a new perspective while still keeping constant the main character traits. Even the character’s actions mirror the play as near the end Bernard â€Å"j umped up, ran across the room, and stood gesticulating in front of the Controller,† (Huxley 226). In surrender toward Mond, as a slave would to a master, Bernard proves to be a recreation of Caliban. The comparison of the two works enlighten new perspectives on old characters. Grushow’s article outlines Huxley’s critique on society through Huxley’s use of Shakespeare. Shakespeare’s work symbolizes classical literature and art in our society, it remains relevant because it resonates with reader. In Huxley’s world, connection and art mean nothing, everything Shakespeare’s work epitomizes results in misery in the World State. Huxley writes, â€Å"Making ninety-six human beings grow where only one grew before. Progress,† (Huxley 6). Blunt and effective, he glorifies progress and happiness whereas Shakespeare idealized passion. This shows the â€Å"full measure of the difference between Shakespeare’s vision of an ideal world and Huxley’s† (Grushow 43). The â€Å"ideal world† that Huxley portrays is convincing, nevertheless. Innovation and progress bring the promise of happiness in contrast to the tragedies many of Shakespeare’s heroes met. Huxley is arguing that society may be b etter off abandoning the arts, that â€Å"community, identity, stability,† and progress champion as the key aspects to an ideal world (Huxley 3). Even with the underlying darkness and horror that Brave New World displays, Huxley’s rhetoric succeeds in portraying a perfect world and vilifying the values Shakespeare represented. Huxley’s intentional comparisons to The Tempest help readers understand the disparity between passion and happiness and how both cannot coexist. By the end of the novel Huxley leaves his readers a dilemma with the things we value including art, emotion, and purpose. He argues that our morals and ideals counteract our nature as human beings. As Grushow states, â€Å"is his [John’s] code of morality any less obsolete†¦ in our new world than it is in the Brave New World?† John, who roughly represented modern society in contrast to the advanced World State, was the reader’s connection into Huxley’s world. Disgusted and horrified from the first page, reader sympathized easily with John and thought him honorable because he portrayed values we glorify including chastity, sacrifice to higher beings, and self-denial. However, by the end, readers recoiled from John whipping himself and denying himself even small pleasures like making a bow. Huxley describes â€Å"he shouted at every blow as though it were Lenina† (Huxley 252). John thinks of punishing Lenina, and, in the frenzy, sees her, becomes delusional from soma, and sleeps with her. It becomes apparent that passions and values that the reader supports cannot exist in the happy civilized world Huxley created. John, succumbing to sleeping with Lenina and killing himself in shame exemplifies the death of our ideals. Along with Shakespeare and our advancement in science, Huxley binds together the past and present to create an ideal future that disposes of the values of society. Huxley reincarnates Shakespeare’s characters from The Tempest and steers them into a new world, an ideal world that mirrors our own, as proven by Grushow. By constantly alluding to Shakespeare, Huxley connects a past filled with morality and values to his future of apathy and progress. Huxley presents to us a warning, that if our society progresses toward a brave new world as Huxley sees it, it will sacrifice our beliefs for the promise of happiness. This caution of the future lets readers stop and question as they successfully feel the effect of Huxley’s message. Works cited Grushow, Ira. â€Å"Brave New World and The Tempest.† College English, vol. 24, no. 1, 1962, pp. 42–45. www.jstor.org/stable/373846. Huxley, Aldous. Brave New World. New York: Harper Bros., 1946. Print.

Book review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Book review - Essay Example This example is simple and profound. The following excerpt from the book Life of Pi by Yann Martel has relevance to the above example. Pi writes "I left town and on my way back, at a point where the land was high and I could see the sea to my left and down the road a long ways, I suddenly felt I was in heaven. The spot was in fact no different from when I had passed it not long before, but my way of seeing it had changed. The feeling, a paradoxical mix of pulsing energy and profound peace, was intense and blissful. Whereas before the road, the sea, the trees, the air, the sun all spoke differently to me, now they spoke one language of unity. Tree took account of road, which was aware of air, which was mindful of sea, which shared things with sun. Every element lived in harmonious relation with its neighbor, and all was kith and kin. I knelt a mortal; I rose an immortal. I felt like the center of a small circle, coinciding with the center of a much larger one. Atman had met Allah."(p. 59-60) This example elucidates what mystical experience is all about. In this paragraph the sentence â€Å"I suddenly felt I was in heaven† is significant. Heaven is the place where dualities and conflicts of the life on Planet Earth are not there and the perception capacity of an individual is limitless. ‘Heaven’ is the state when an individual has transcended the limitations of mind, meaning reasoning is non-existent there. When an individual transcends the hurdles of reasoning he reaches the conflict-free zone that is the state of bliss. That is the state of permanent happiness. The concept of secularism is the gift of his parents to Pi as they have no interest in dogmatic religion. The important message of Pi is love and he sees unity in diversity and marvels at the cosmic unity in existence and in functioning of everything. He loves the essence of every religion and when the local leaders come to know that he practices Christianity, Islam and Sufism, they ask him

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner - Essay Example Expressionism took many forms including theatre, cinema and art (www.artmovements.co.uk). Other movements including Fauvism, Post- Impressionism and Impressionism heavily influenced the art itself. However Expressionism evolved beyond all those, incorporating many of the elements of each type but also imparting extreme violence and exaggeration of brushstrokes, as well as harsh and intense colour to the canvas in order to convey their personal emotional response to the scene. In 1880 two events took place that led to the rise of Expressionism. The first was the unification of Germany and all its controlled states into a single federation or empire by the German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck (www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk). This resulted in the appointment of Wilhelm II, the King of Prussia, (Germany's biggest state) to the position of Emperor of Germany. Wilhelm's governance and his policies led to social and political unrest in the empire and eventually led to World War I. Kirchner was born in Aschaffenburg, the son of a chemist in the paper industry. Though his parents encouraged his artistic tendencies they did not consider it a profession and after his schooling, his parents sent him to an architecture course in a Technical College in Dresden (http://tigtail.org). While there he formed an artists group with two other students, Heckel and Schmidt- Rotluff. They called themselves Die Brucke, literally, The Bridge. They considered themselves to be a bridge from the old set ways into the future of art and society in Germany. Kirchner was the driving force of this group and his work endures as a striking commentary on German society at the time. His most famous works as his art developed were those belonging to his "Streetwalker" series. Two of those paintings, Potsdamer Platz (1914) and The Street (1913) will be discussed as an example of how the period in which he lived influenced him. In order to fully comprehend the import of his work it is also necessary to understand the time in which he lived. Germany from 1880 to the time of the Great War was undergoing great turmoil on several fronts. Firstly it was a time of immense expansion on an industrial and technological front (Myers and Praeger, p11). Artists all over Europe were invigorated by this infusion of modernity. However Germanys unified empire was beginning to crack. After the appointment of Wilhelm as Kaiser there was a growing rift between the Emperor and his Chancellor Bismarck on various issues of social policy and he finally forced Bismarck to resign in 1890. With the dismissal of the Chancellor Wilhelm forced the passing of several policies that were completely unsuitable for a technologically developing nation (www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures). He also adopted political stands that led to the development of World War I. On the social front things were not much better in Germany during this period. Women's rights were virtually unheard of; women were unable to vote until quite late, they had very few legal financial rights and job opportunities and marriage and children were the only way for a respectable woman

The French and Indian War Essay Example for Free

The French and Indian War Essay Prior to 1754 French Indian War, the 13 North American colonies that would eventually become the United States of America were at a rate of rapid increase. Colonial trade with England has increased by over 360%, all colonies were reproducing successfully, with a rate of natural increase of 3%, and the population doubling every 25 years, and on top of that, colonial power increased with the idea of Salutary Neglect, and colonial assemblies. The French Indian War had cause a multitude of changes and shifts in America, on political, economical, and ideological levels alike. For a start, the French and Indian War altered the political aspects of the 13 colonies. Prior to the French Indian War, due to the idea that it was beneficial or healthy for the 13 colonies if they had some sense of freedom, independence and self-governance, this was dubbed Salutary Neglect. The main form of political governance in the colonies was the colonial assemblies. These assemblies were responsible for governing their respective colonies through city courts. These courts would make decisions that pertained to each of the colonies, like appointing members to the unicameral and bicameral assemblies. Building on this knowledge, after the war ended in 1763, with the Treaty of Paris 1763, one of the main consequences was the end of Salutary Neglect. Most colonial assemblies were shut down as a result of this, giving the colonial Royal governors more power than they previously had. Another consequence of the Treaty of Paris 1763 was the French losing every last bit of their land in North America (Doc. A). The French originally fought in the French Indian War for control of the Ohio River Valley, which was an important area for trade and growth. Progressing away from the political aspects that were altered by the French Indian War, the economical aspects were also altered ultimately. Before the beginning of the French Indian War, Britain didn’t have any major taxes imposed onto the colonies. That was before the war. After the French Indian War was fought, and the Treaty of Paris 1763 signed, the Stamp Act was imposed in 1765 by George III to help pay for the deficit created by the French Indian War, as well as King George’s War (1739-1748). This act was passed as a result of Britain needing more revenue, as for the revenue coming from the colonies prior to this act was â€Å"not yet sufficient to defray a fourth part of the expense necessary for collecting it.†(Doc. F). The Stamp Act, mind you, wasn’t a tax on stamps, but rather a tax on printed documents, such as  newspapers, journals, deeds, letters, et cetera. The Stamp Act required all printed documents to be stamped with a special imprint, which certified the document. Failure to do so would most likely result in a fine, or confiscation of the merchandise, which is why it fac ed so much opposition from the colonists, even though it only affected a certain few. Benjamin Franklin wrote a letter, addressed to John Hughes in Pennsylvania, suggesting the repealing of the Stamp Act (Doc. G). If he refused to repeal the Stamp Act, Franklin warned him that it would make him very unpopular among the colonists, and refuted that he should try to reconcile the colonists after the war, instead of taxing them. Benjamin Franklin truly feared violent opposition to the Stamp Act. This eventually led to the Stamp Act crisis, which resulted in Liberty Trees being planted. At these liberty trees, officials sent to collect taxes in more severe cases were tarred and feathered as a form of public humiliation. The Virginia Resolves were also passed as a result of the Stamp Acts, which claimed it as unconstitutional, and they could not be taxed without representation in Parliament. This type of violent opposition led to the repealing of the Stamp Act in 1766, and the passing of the Declatory Act in 1766 which gave Britain the right to make laws for the colonies. This concept is called parliamentary sovereignty, and went against the right of consent of the governed, and the colonist’s natural rights of life, liberty, and property, or alternatively, the pursuit of happiness. The British also assumed the colonists Virtual Representation. This is the idea that the colonies were represented in Parliament indirectly. Also, before the French Indian War ended with the Treaty of Paris 1763, which resulted in the Proclamation Line of 1763, which ran from the West of the Appalachian Mountains to England, Native Americans were getting defensive about their land, and warned the colonists to remove themselves from their area, as for they had no right to settle (Doc. B). The Chief of the Iroquois Confederacy, Canassatego, told the representative bodies in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia that basically, their motives are transparent, and the Native Americans knew the value of their land and instructed the representatives to promptly remove thei r men from their land (even though it wasn’t rightfully theirs) because they had no right to settle, and they felt greatly disrespected. After the war ended with the Treaty of Paris of 1763, the Proclamation Line was drawn to prevent all  British colonists from settling West of the Appalachian Mountains to prevent all future tensions with the Native Americans, even though proceeding the war, a large deal of their land was already lost. The war ultimately created economic stress in the colonies, because it resulted in more taxes (Doc. F), and isolated trade with the Native Americans, as for we usually traded fur pelts with them. This also could’ve foreshadowed their refusal to join the colonists in an alliance during the Albany Plan of 1754, as well the problem of westward expansion with Chief Pontiac’s Rebellion in 1763, which resulted in the senseless murder of thousands of British colonists. Adding on to other economic problems created by the war, the mercantile policies of the Navigation Acts were beginning to become heavily enforced again. England buckled down on the colonies to raise revenue (Doc. F.). This put a major halt on smuggling of goods to the 13 colonies. With the passing of the Writs of Assistance, the quartering British soldiers had a right to enter a colonist’s home at anytime and confiscate anything they suspected of being smuggled. Smuggled good were rarely found, but it enraged the colonists that the British had a right to do this on their land. To initiate the final point, are the altered ideological aspects that were altered as a result of the French Indian War. Preceding the French and Indian War, some of the colonists were sycophant to Britain. During the war, in 1755, George Washington wrote a letter to Robert Orne, wishing to join the militia. He was eager to serve under General Braddock, who would soon bring on the humiliating defeat during the failed capture of Fort Duquesne (Doc. C). George Washington’s loyalty and respect for Britain would soon change, like many other colonists ideological values about their â€Å"mother country.† Sources like the Massachusetts soldier’s diary dated 1759 proved British to be neglectful of their soldiers. The people who were once eager to serve under Britain now wanted out. The British Parliament refused to supply proper winter clothes, and liquor. To him, this is being denied â€Å"Englishmen’s Liberty.† The soldiers were not allowed to leave, so they may as well have been slaves at that point. (Doc. D). That’s just one ideological value changed as a result of the French Indian War. As I said before, many colonists thought highly of Britain as a mother country, with over 60,000 loyalists living the colonies, until the French Indian War. Rev. Thomas Banard’s sermon in 1763 praised Britain in an usually optimistic  way. He assumed the end of the war meant the colonist’s could be free and happy. No animosity could be sensed towards Britain. (Doc. E.) That was until the British decided to tax the colonists to increase revenue. (Doc. F. ). That resulted in the Stamp Act, which as you know, was every controversial and lead to violent oppositions, riots, and acts like the Virginia Resolves. Benjamin Franklin warned Parliament to repeal the Stamp Act before any of this opposition took place (Doc. G). In October 1765, on a new paper masthead was a very iconic image. There was a skull and crossbones stating â€Å"The TIMES are Dreadful, Doleful, Dismal, Dolorous, and DOLLAR-LESS.† It also read â€Å"Adieu Adieu to LIBERTY† which can be translated to â€Å"Goodbye to Liberty.† (Doc. H). Mind you, these are the same colonies that kissed up to Britain before the war. Acts in the same nature of the Stamp Act faced opposition of this sort. This substantiates the evident shifting and altering of ideological values that resulted from the French Indian war. In final analysis of this essay, one may think that the French and Indian war heavily altered the relationship between Britain and the American colonies. They’re right. The French Indian changed the relationship on a economical, political, and an ideological basis. The politics were changed during the disbanding of the colonial assemblies, doing away with of Salutary Neglect and the French losing all their territory as a result of the Treaty of Paris 1763, the economical situation was pressed one, with the Navigation Acts now being heavily enforced, cutting down on smuggling, with the new taxes on top of that, and isolated trade with the Native Americans and Britain, and most definitely on an ideological level, seeing the major shift of emotion and feelings towards Britain after the war, from optimistic, loyal, and respectful, to slandering them in a hostile manner. The tensions created by this war, and the abandoning of the debt on the colonist’s foreshadowing the hea vy colonial resistance that was to come, that would blossom into the American Revolution.

Bob Marley Essay -- Rastafari Reggae Music

Thesis Statement: Bob Marley’s life affected his writing and contributed to the development of his poetry. Bob Marley is without a doubt the greatest musician a third world country ever produced. Through Rastafari ideas, he influenced many others with songs that touched the lives of millions with his constant message of unity. His wisdom through experience helped him achieve a grand distinction over other artists. In the year 1944, Captain Norvol Marley, a middle-aged white marine officer, married a young Jamaican girl named Cedilla Booker. On February 6, 1945 at two thirty in the morning their son, Robert Nesta Marley, otherwise known as Bob Marley was born in his grandfather’s house (The Story). Soon after Bob was born his father left his mother. Bob’s Father did, however give financial support and occasionally arranged to see his son. It was now the late fifties and jobs were scarce in Jamaica. Bob followed his mother from their home in St. Ann to Trenchtown (West Kingston) to seek employment in the big city.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Trenchtown got its name because it was built over a ditch, which drained the sewage of old, Kingston. In Trenchtown Bob spent a lot of his time with his good friend Neville Livingston, who people called by his nickname, Bunny. He began to attend a music class with Bunny, which was held by the famous Jamaican singer Joe Higgs. In that class they met Peter Macintosh and soon became good friends. When Bob was 16, he started to follow his dream of becoming a musician. According to Michael Anderson, â€Å"Music to many young Jamaicans was an escape from the harshness of everyday life† (Anderson, 1). Bob’s life looked brighter on February 10, 1966 when he married girlfriend Rita Anderson. Rita gave birth to their first born whom they named Cedilla. Stephen, Sharon, and Ziggy then followed Cedilla.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bob Marley had quite a massive rà ©sumà © for his artistic career. It first started when he met Jimmy Cliff, who at the age of 14 had already recorded a couple of hit songs. After meeting Bob, Jimmy introduced him to Leslie Kong, a local record producer. Bob followed his advice and auditioned for Leslie Kong (Lieblich, 7). Bob’s musical talents shone much more brightly than anyone else that day and found him in the studio recording his first single â€Å"Judge Not†. Unfortunately neither â€Å"Judge Not† nor his 1962 single â€Å"One More Cup of Coffee† did very wel... .... He used his ideas and beliefs not to create but to solve problems. The life he lived as a Rasta allowed him to generate songs that are treasured significantly. It has always been said legends never die and with such musical genius, Bob Marley’s legend will live on. BIBLIOGRAPHY Hauler, Joe. â€Å"Bob Marley Biography.† MSN Search. Online. Available Online. 3 Nov. 2001. Available at http:/www.rollingstone.com/artist/bio.asp?oid=185. Lieblich, Julia. â€Å"Beyond Dreads, To Roots of Rastafari,† Star Tribune, B 7, August 15, 1998. Marley, Rita. â€Å"Remembering Bob Marley,† Essence. 16: 18, February 1, 1995. Michael Anderson. â€Å"The Biggest Tribute To Bob Marley.† Lycos. 20 Mar. 1998. Online. America Online. 4 Nov. 2001. Available at http:/www.thirdfield.com/. Mirkin, Steve. â€Å"Roots Rock Reggae,† Rolling Stone. 24: 13, April 15, 1998. Salewicz Chris. â€Å"American Music ‘50s Rhythm and blues Influence Bob Marley: Google. Online. Internet. 1995. Available at http:/www.bobmarley.com/life/musical/influences/Americanmusic/index.html. Sisano, Ben. â€Å"All-Star Tribute To Jamaica’s Native Son,† New York Times, III 55, December 19, 1999. The Story. Chicago: Thames and Hudson, 1996.

Workplace Racial Profiling

One of the fundamental rights any individual has is not to be prejudiced against in the workplace. Regrettably, though, reality does not comply at all times with the law; people maintain to be prejudiced against in many ways. The most important reason for all these problems is the discrimination. This inequity at work will not die out by itself. The eradication of discrimination, particularly racial profiling in the workplace, needs purposeful, focused and unfailing efforts as well as policies by all parties involved over a constant time. In times gone by, a remarkable boost in employment population has been occurring. Ever since the early history people of different culture and race have played a derivative role wherein these individuals were and still are perceived as less than the ideal employee. Diversity is significant in the workplace; it connotes differences, difference of race, age, religion, sex, and culture etc. People having diverse demographic differences working as one in the organization makes diverse workforce. And it is turning out to be more significant for the organizations to recognize these differences and manage it.   Diversity is the frequent issue in the workforce atmosphere, in a number of companies employees frequently get discriminated due to the diverse features. So it is significant to manage the diversity workforce to value most excellent performance. Most significant aspect nowadays is to train the managers to manage the diverse workforce. Employing associations appoint in workplace racial profiling to manage workplace traditions. Firms rationalize monitoring as well as regulating employee look through claiming that they have to present to their clients a professional-looking personnel or one that attracts customer preferences. Recognizing the ideal workers as well as preserving a standardized business culture has turned out to be increasingly difficult in the aggressive, culturally-diverse market (Edley 2003, p172). Businesses face challenging demands of inevitability and modernism, which necessitates them to optimize effectiveness of construction and delivery procedures while concurrently expanding new services and products. Racial profiling is classified to members of ethnic or racial minority groups who are beleaguered as probable suspects for precedent or potential crimes. Those who employ in workplace racial profiling validate their practices with a fixed purpose to defend people from the expenses of deviance; the consequences of being wrongly accused of an offence are more unconcealed and discriminating than the costs of having one's managerial obligation called into difficulty or exhibit choices restrained. As the companies of these days are getting more diverse, the necessity of workplace racial profiling is mounting. All nations are having more diverse workforce daily. So it is turning out to be significant for the companies manage the diversity to acquire better results out of employees. Organizations should recognize that competing productively in the new global marketplace will require more than the up-to-the-minute technology, most proficient production processes and products. With the aim of ensuring consistency, solidity, and control whilst executing this multifaceted business strategy, a lot of firms strengthen their efforts to draw and keep persons who obey the rules to the business customs and have the quality of an ideal employee. Simultaneously, firms aspire to augment employee diversity to meet the terms of lawful pressures, business forces, and ethical demands to build up workers from a variety of civilizing backgrounds. These challenging desires for inevitability (via traditionalism) and modernization (via diversity) generate tensions in several organizations around recognizing the ideal workers. Many managers answered this diversity issue with the claim that discrimination is wrong, both morally and legally. But nowadays, managers are voicing a following concept too. A more diverse workforce will augment organizational efficiency. It will raise self-esteem, bring greater entrà ©e to new-fangled segments of the market, and improve production. Companies leading the way in diversity management discovered that by means of embracing the elements of cultural and ethnic diversity in their workforce they have improved their capability in understanding and tapping new markets, in and abroad. While the decree forbids prejudice rooted in status identities, courts have repudiated to develop the compass of anti-discrimination decree within the administrative centres to forbid workplace policies that set demands on identity performances. By failing to give lawful protection based on identity performance, courts present employers unencumbered judgment to build up apparently unbiased workplace policies that place an encumber on minority employees and offer means for prevailing groups to target minorities in violation minority employees' rights. All want to eradicate the uneven treatment of people in the workplace. One technique that can be used to hold up equal opportunity would be to initiate legislation to guarantee equivalent pay for equivalent work. The problems associated with this resolution would be enormous. How would citizens gauge the value of a person’s labour to another’s? Who would make a decision to this and how would it be put into practice? People’s attitudes toward their co-workers in the workplace are gradually starting to transform. More opportunities emerge for employees nowadays than ever before. The imbalanced treatment will take years to change in the workplace, but change is actually taking place. This subject will remain until people treat each other equally, based on their skills. Time and again, regrettably, reality does not constantly act in accordance with the law – as people have perceived, people maintain to discriminate other people against in diverse ways: they have less access to the labour market, they earn fewer than the said ‘ideal workers’ and they constantly bump heads against the â€Å"glass ceiling† in promotion pursuit (Litvin 2006, p75). There are many remedies into the workplace that have tried to deal with workplace racial profiling. Though there are many improvements for profiling in the office, there are several inequalities. Remedies are considered necessary to secure all employees an equal role in the workplace. Gender parity can be attained. This can occur when all change the attitudes of all to each other. When all achieve that then everybody else can achieve gender fairness in the workplace. References: Edley, C. (2003). The New American Dilemma: Racial Profiling in the War on our Freedoms: Civil Liberties in an Age of Terrorism. Richard C. Leone & Greg Anrig Editions. pp170 73 Litvin, D. (2006). Diversity: Making Space for a Better Case.   Handbook of Workplace Diversity. Alison M. Konrad, Pushkala Prasad & Judith K. P

Adam and Eve: an Epic Poem Essay

What makes Adam different from Eve and vice versa? Is it because Adam happens to be a man, and Eve is a woman? Even though this happens to be a true fact, there is a deeper meaning to contrasting Adam and Eve. John Milton’s epic poem, Paradise Lost, gives key differences when contrasting Adam and Eve. Paradise Lost can be summed up as being about the creation of the world, which is known as â€Å"the paradise† and the events before and after that surrounded the creation. Along with the creation of the world came the creation of the first two human beings known to mankind, better known as Adam and Eve. Although Adam and Eve were created equally by GOD, these characters shared different thoughts and performed different actions that distinguished them from one another, which lead to them having contrasting strengths and weaknesses. When GOD was in the process of creating the first two human beings, one would predict that they would be very similar. From the physical outlook, differences between Adam and Eve could be seen easily, simply because of the physical characteristics that differentiate man and woman. But if the human eye were to somehow dig deeper beneath the skin of Adam and Eve, one could see how the two were fairly different. One way of distinguishing one from the other and contrasting the two would be the strengths that each of them possessed. With the strengths, Milton not only showed the differences through the personality, but through the actions as well. The stronger of the two or the character that possessed the most strength was Adam. Even though this choice is very much debatable, Milton backs this up with examples within Paradise Lost. Both Adam and Eve possessed thoughts, and performed actions that one would consider strength. But there are certain strengths that stick out to one’s mind, and that had an effect surrounding the story. Eve’s greatest strength was her capacity for love, emotion, and forbearance. In contrast to Adam, Eve possessed a large amount of love in her heart, which leads her to curiosity and being able to think â€Å"outside the box†. Adam did have a great capacity of love foe Eve, but it is nothing compared to the capacity that Eve held. â€Å"She as a veil down to the slender waist Her unadorned golden tresses wore Disheveled but in wanton ringlets waved As the vine curls her tendrils, which implied Subjection, but required with gentle sway And by her yielded, by him best received Yielded with coy submission, modest pride, And sweet reluctant amorous delay† (IV, 304-311). This quote lists characteristics of Adam and Eve, but what separates the two qualities is Adam ’s â€Å"reluctant amorous delay†. These quoted words describe Adam’s struggling for position in with love, which proves the point that he had a smaller capacity for love than Eve. Adam on the other hand possessed more strengths than Eve. This is believable because Adam was naturally built by GOD to lead Eve, as Milton proclaimed in the epic. For one, Adam was strong, intelligent, and rational. Milton also claimed Adam as being â€Å"the most perfect as any human being would ever be.† But the strength that set him apart from Eve and that contrasts his strength from hers, was his capacity for reason. He could understand the most sophisticated ideas instantly. Eve did not possess this; therefore she was easily influenced and deceived. Proof of her being easily fooled, would be how she was the first to eat from the Tree of Knowledge. Adam tended to take his approach on problems by thinking critically and asking help from GOD. So although Adam and Eve were created equally by GOD, each of them possessed different strengths that distinguished them from one another. Along with the strengths of Adam and Eve, there also came weaknesses. Between Adam and Eve, Eve possessed more weaknesses than Adam. Again this is a debatable opinion, but in the case of Paradise Lost, Milton portrayed this. Eve was created to be led by Adam, but did not do so because of her lack of learning. Milton portrayed Eve as being slightly inferior to Adam. Even though she was in love with him, she resented him because she fell in love with her own natural beauty. One case of this is a part in the epic poem when Eve began gazing at her reflection in the water. It was then that she became somewhat conceited, and one of her greatest weaknesses became her assets and vanity. Another form of Eve’s weakness was her lack of intelligence. She did not approach situations that called for reason, correctly. An example of this is the way she was easily seduced by Satan. â€Å"The varieties of hatred and revenge exhibited by the demons during their infernal council are rooted in fallen human experience† (Ryken 103). This quote connects to the point that Milton portrayed the fall of Eve and mankind, through her experience with Satan. She had a weaker mindset than Adam because Satan seduced her into eating from the Tree of knowledge. From reading Paradise Lost one could possibly blame Eve for the downfall of Adam. But what makes Adam’s weakness different from Eve is the person that he had loved for. Eve fell in love with her own assets and vanity. In contrast, Adam did not fall in love with himself, but instead fell in love with Eve. â€Å"Adam’s desire for Eve in Paradise Lost is nothing if not honorable, and, indeed, it does induce in him the gravest perturbations. He yields to his desire and suffers calamity as a result† (McMahon 51). That happened to be Adams greatest weakness and his downfall; his great love for Eve. As a result for his strong infatuation for Eve, she could easily persuade him, as Satan persuaded her. Adam did not want to lose and upset Eve, so Eve’s love lured Adam into eating from the Tree of Knowledge. Another weakness that Adam possessed was his thirst for knowledge. This also contributed to his downfall because he was always willing and wanting to know more. An ironic comparison is how Adam’s â€Å"thirst for knowledge† led him to the â€Å"Tree of Knowledge.† So in summation Adam’s weaknesses led him to disobey GOD for Eve. Although Adam and Eve were created equally by GOD, their different thoughts and actions led to a contrast in each other’s weaknesses. In the final analysis, one can see how similar characters from birth, grew to be different characters with time. Although Adam and Eve were created equally by GOD, these characters shared different thoughts and performed different actions that distinguished them from one another, which lead to them having contrasting strengths and weaknesses. Neither of the characters were heroes nor satanic figures, even though they contributed to the downfall of man. â€Å"Paradise Lost is a Christian epic and Christ is the hero. Milton has laid the classic epic under tribute for details that adorn a new and in most respect modern type† (Woodhull 256). This quote shows how others see the detail that Milton put in to describing Adam and Eve, and making it more understandable in today’s world. In closing, the synopsis of Paradise Lost is very debatable when comparing or contrasting Adam and Eve. They were the two first human beings known to mankind, and set the stage for the rest of the world. Milton portrays each Adam and Eve to the fullest that gives readers a chance to have their own clear views about each. Work Cited McMahon, Robert. The Two Poets of Paradise Lost. Louisiana: Louisiana Tate University Press, 1998. Milton, John. Edited by Teskey, Gordon. Paradise Lost. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, Inc, 2005. Ryken, Leland. The Apocalyptic Vision in Paradise Lost. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1970. Woodhull, Marianna. The Epic of Paradise Lost Twelve Essays. New York: The Knickerbocker Press, 1907.

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Impact of Inflation and Real Wages on Labor Productivity 1.1 Overview The study attempts to determine the relationship between inflation, real wages and labor productivity. Inflation is an increase in the average level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time, not a change in any specific price. When the general price level rises; each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services. Output is the amount of goods and services by a firm, industry, or country. For output variable the index of value added is used. Nominal wages are the Average Annual Earning in Perennial Industries. Real wages are the wages that have been adjusted for inflation. Real wages are obtained by deflating the nominal wage index by the consumer price index (CPI). 1.2 Problem Statement The objective of the study is to find out the impact of Inflation Real wages on Labor Productivity. 1.3 Hypotheses H1. There is an Impact of Inflation on Labor productivity H2. There is an Impact of time on Labor productivity H3. There is an Impact of Real wages on Labor productivity H4. There is an Impact of time on Real wages. 1.4 Outline of the study The scope of this research was to find out the impact of inflation and real wage on labor productivity. The data was collected from state bank of Pakistan and through various websites. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REWIEW Malik and Ahmed, (2001) studied that Information on income levels was essential in evaluating the living standards and conditions of work and life of the employees. Since nominal income failed to explain the purchasing power of employees, real income was considered as a major indicator of employees purchasing power and was used as proxy for employees level of income. Any variation in the real wage rate had a significant impact on poverty and the distribution of income. When used in relation with other economic variables, for instance employment or output they were valuable indicators in the analysis of business cycles. The aim of the adjustment program was to increase national income or output in such a way that it resulted in fair distribution of wealth. That was, the two objectives of enhanced growth and reduced poverty were being followed through more efficient use of resources and policy instruments like exchange rates adjustment, monetary and fiscal policies, and banking sector reforms to improve cash-flow position (Irfan, 2008). The relationship between real wages and output was intricate and also inconclusive. Regardless of the truth, which method of estimation was used or which deflator was used for the real earnings the results remained the same. Only different time periods (for the manufacturing sector) have changed the cyclical nature of the real earnings. 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In other words, an industrial contribution calculated based on base year t was different from that based on base year s. That takes places because output prices change over time at different paces across industries. (Tang and Wang, 2004) It was usually expected that industries with high productivity growth and thus declining real output prices attract demand and accordingly increase employment shares. Why do the observed facts in the two countries run against this expectation? One possible explanation was that income effects had reduced the demand for manufactures, which broadly speaking became a satisfied market whereas the expansion, especially of personal service, suffered from rising relative prices (ten Raa and Schettkat, 2001). Another possible explanation was that increased female labor force contribution resulted in a substitution of market purchased served for home produced services (Grubel and Walker, 1989). 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When devaluation is contractionary, then money earnings increases make output to go up. Under such circumstances, a successful tight money policy that derived down nominal earnings to ratify the equation of exchange reduced output and improved the trade account. The reduction had been offset by fiscal growth, but in an orthodox stabilization attempt that has been a strange move. (Taylor, 1990) Prices did not rise before the earnings demands had been made and accepted: in a large segment of a modern economy prices were administered ones. Thus in these segments excess of demand evident itself in deficiency rather than in a rise of prices, as the over riding objective of maximizing profits over time (and the fear of price wars) keep oligopolistic competitors from meeting excess demand by increasing prices to the short-run maximum. Thus there were always un-liquidated monopoly increases which permit earnings increases (and which would be taken once a general increase of costs reduces the inhibition against raising prices (Balogh, 1958). A detailed analysis of production, productivity, earnings and prices, both in domestic and in international dealings, irresistibly and increasingly leads away from the explanation of the continuous raise in current prices here and somewhere else by the excess of money demand, and in particular by the raise in the volume of money. Separately no entrepreneur could grant wage increases as it was difficult to bypass the addition to costs by increasing prices. But if all (or most) entrepreneurs were faced with almost the same wage demands, and react to them in more or less with the same manner, experience has taught that it was safe to agree to those demands: it was the increase in income due to the wage bargain (including of course the increased profit) that provided the additional demand required to sell output at the improved price. There was no need to hypothesize a hidden, unspent or dormant, excess demand which became active. The myth of those who were looking for the unseen and unseen able was that all applied the ceteris paribus (With all other factors or things remaining the same) method to a situation where it was changed by itself because it was of a limited and not of a minute magnitude. Provided that the process was general, as it was, and repetitive, as it was bound to be, if single earnings good dea l overshoot the average, as they were bound to do, there was nothing to stop it from speeding up its velocity as anticipations of further earnings and prices increased enlarge speculation (Balogh, 1958). CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODS 3.1 Data Collection The data was collected from state bank library and searched through various internet search engines e.g. jstor and Google scholar for articles, index mundi and UN website. 3.2 Sampling Technique Convenience sampling was used as data was not collected from the companies but it was collected from state bank of Pakistan. 3.3 Sample Size: 30 annual observations of real wages, inflation and labor productivity are taken for this study. 3.4 Research Model The following research model was used Labor productivity = ÃŽÂ ± + ÃŽÂ ² (real wage) LP= -1.472E12+3.3909E11RW 3.5 Statistical Technique Regression analysis was applied. CHAPTER 4: RESULTS ANALYSIS 4.1 FINDINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS H1. There is an Impact of Inflation on Labor productivity. Table 4.1 ANOVA Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Regression 6.022E21 1 6.022E21 .001 Residual 2.623E26 27 9.713E24 Total 2.623E26 28 The independent variable is CPI inflation. Impact of inflation on labour productivity is studied through curve estimation. As data was not normal, linear, ln , exponentiate , inverse transformation was applied. Significant relationship was not found even after applying transformation as it is evident by the sig value of .98 which is greater thatn .05. H2. There is an Impact of time on Labor productivity Table 4.2 Model Summary R R Square Adjusted R Square .998 .995 .995 The independent variable is YEAR. Table 4.3 ANOVA Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Regression 81.851 1 81.851 7528.575 Residual .391 36 .011 Total 82.242 37 The independent variable is YEAR. Table 4.4 Coefficients Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t B Std. Error Beta YEAR .134 .002 .998 86.767 (Constant) 2.282E-104 .000 . The dependent variable is ln(All Industries output). There is a positive impact of time on labour productivity. Sig value is less than .05 therefore it is significant. It means there is an Impact of time on labour productivity. Its constant value is H3. There is an Impact of Real wages on Labor productivity. Table 4.5 Model Summary R R Square Adjusted R Square .862 .743 .732 The independent variable is realwage. Table 4.6 ANOVA Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Regression 7.068E25 1 7.068E25 69.357 Residual 2.446E25 24 1.019E24 Total 9.513E25 25 The independent variable is realwage. Table 4.7 Coefficients Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients T B Std. Error Beta ln(realwage) 3.909E11 4.694E10 .862 8.328 (Constant) -1.472E12 4.929E11 -2.986 LP= -1.472E12+3.3909E11lnRW As its sig value is H4. There is an Impact of time on Real wages. Table 4.8 Model Summary R R Square Adjusted R Square .728 .529 .510 The independent variable is YEAR. Table 4.9 ANOVA Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Regression 244.833 1 244.833 26.998 Residual 217.648 24 9.069 Total 462.481 25 The independent variable is YEAR. Table 4.10 Coefficients Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t B Std. Error Beta YEAR .409 .079 .728 5.196 (Constant) -805.624 156.901 -5.135 Sig value is less than .05 therefore it is significant. It means there is an Impact of time on Real wages. Its F value is 26.99. Its Adjusted R Square is .510 4.2 HYPOTHESES TESTING After applying the statistical test and based on the p (sig.) values, researcher has obtained all the tables and results have been provided in the following table three hypotheses were accepted and one hypothesis was rejected. 4.2.1 ACCEPTED HYPOTHESES H2, H3 H4 is the accepted hypotheses. 4.3 HYPOTHESIS ASSESSMENT SUMMARY Table 4.11 Hypothesis R Square F Significance Value Empirical Conclusion H1: There is an Impact of Inflation on Labor productivity .001 .98 Rejected H2: There is an Impact of time on Labor productivity .995 7528.57 .000 Accepted H3: There is an Impact of Real wages on Labor productivity .743 69.357 .000 Accepted H4: There is an Impact of time on Real wages. .529 26.998 .000 Accepted CHAPTER: 5 DISCUSSIONS, IMPLICATIONS, FUTURE RESEARCH AND CONCLUSIONS This study empirically tested the relationship of inflation, real wage and labor productivity Inflation and real wage were the measures which are the predictors of Labor productivity. Initial estimation was that there is an impact of inflation on labor productivity, there is an impact of time on labor productivity, there is an impact of real wages on labor productivity and there is an impact of time on real wages. Jarret and Selody (1982) had considered that inflation and productivity growth are negatively related. Inflation diminished the incentive to work, distorted the informational content of relative price levels, and contracted tax reductions for depreciation. Studies suggested there was a negative relationship between inflation and productivity. It was assumed that there is a positive relationship between real wages and productivity because higher real wages increased the opportunity cost of job loss and stimulated greater work effort to avoid job loss. That positive relationship was also assumed because higher real wages put upward pressure on labour costs and cause firms substituted capital for labour, thus increasing the marginal productivity of labour (Wakeford, 2004). The results supported the conclusion that inflation has no effect on the labor productivity as its analysis showed it is not significant after applying regression analysis. Real wage have significant impact on labor productivity and real wage have positive relationship with labor productivity. Its results showed that relationship between Real wages and labor productivity is significant and 74% of variation (table 4.5) in labor productivity was explained by Real wages. Where as time has a positive relationship with real wage as well as with labor productivity. Further research should be carried out to study the relationship of inflation and labor productivity in the future as other variables (which could have relationship with inflation) are not included in this research.