Evaluation of Interview on Substance Use for Mental Health

Question: Discuss about theEvaluation of Interview on Substance Use for Mental Health. Answer: Mental health workers are appointed by residential mental health centres or psychiatric hospitals and are responsible for providing efficient healthcare services, and support to respective individuals or families who experience plethora of mental issues. The primary role of mental health professionals encompasses offering counselling services and pharmacological or non-pharmacological treatment that facilitates individuals and families to deal with mental health problems (Patel 2012). Therefore, it is imperative for all mental health workers to develop an effective therapeutic relationship with all the patients and family members. Conduction of a psychological assessment assists the workers in understanding about the risk factors that increase the likelihood of suffering from mental illnesses. Co-occurring mental disorders are most commonly found in combination with substance-use disorders among individuals, who are generally subjected to psychiatric services (Becker, Luebbe and Langberg 2012). These conditions increase severity of the mental symptoms, complicate treatment and often lead to poor health outcomes of the patients. Also referred to as dual diagnosis, such conditions refer to presence of both mental illness and substance abuse. A client is reportedly diagnosed with co-occurring disorders, when at least one type of disorder is established to be independent of the other (Ruiz et al. 2012). This essay will encompass evaluation of an interview that was undertaken by the Victorian Dual Diagnosis Initiative as a training tool for mental health workers and counselors. Initial contact- Research evidences consider initial contact to be of utmost importance before an interview is conducted in the healthcare setting (Sommers-Flanagan and Bequette 2013). The aforementioned video shows that the assessor, Jess introduced herself to the patient Steve and said that she would be identifying and talking about the co-occurring mental disorder prevailing in the patient. While introducing herself to the patient, the interviewer shook her hands. Initial contact is most often assisted by adoption and portrayal of an empathetic approach that helps a person to think and visualise situations and instances from another person's perspective (Nabeel Al-Yateem 2012). The video demonstrates adoption of a formal approach with the aim of establishing initial contact with the receiver. However, there was lack of professionalism on the part of the interviewer in establishing initial contact. This could have been facilitated if she had asked Steve about his day so far, the pl ace he lives, or the food he had early in the morning. Several evidences also support the existence of a wide range of myth and stereotypes regarding mental illness among all socioeconomic sections of the society (Clement et al. 2015). This makes people living in the community discriminate those who are mentally disadvantaged, which in turn worsens the situation and acts as a barrier in the recovery process (Corrigan, Druss and Perlick 2014). Further difficulties are also associated with the fact that people suffering from mental illness often have low self-confidence and lose hope that they will be able to leave a purposeful and meaningful life (Corrigan and Rao 2012). Most mental health care services suggest that professional mental health workers should always adhere to standards of practice that makes them adopt a non-discriminating and non-judgmental style while communicating with their clients. Adoption of a non-judgmental approach helps the clients to understand that there is a willingness on the part of the workers to understand their concern (Thompson, Amatea and Thompson 2014). The video also shows that there was failure on the part of Steve to maintain proper eye contact with Jess during the interview. His restlessness is demonstrated by checking the wall clock. Asking a close-ended question on whether he had attended a mental health care service before also shows that Jess was judgmental while developing initi al contact. Rapport and respect- In order to deliver efficient mental health care services it is a professional duty of all health workers to establish an effective therapeutic relationship and rapport with their clients and family members. Rapport establishment increases likelihood of success of an intervention and enhances patient outcome (Thompson, Amatea and Thompson 2014). This is generally facilitated by effective interpersonal communication skills, which if utilised properly, help the workers to understand previous history, needs and demands of a client, and change the healthcare plan accordingly (Thompson and McCabe 2012). Jess was found to talk about the benefits that the client would receive from the service, following which she received an acknowledgement. She gave adequate time to Steve to answer her questions, without interrupting him, which suggests that she was successful in maintaining dignity and respect of the client. This gradually made him comfortable. Exhibiting adequate respect towards the autonomy and confidentiality of all patients, is another the role of mental health professionals that helps patients to identify their uniqueness (Wilson and Deane 2012). Active listening is also considered a major priority and involves providing regular feedback and listening to the speaker (Gunasekara et al. 2014). These skills were displayed by the interviewer during the entire conversation as she provided the client adequate time to respond to her questions and did not force him to answer more specifically, unless needed. Readiness to change- According to evidences relapse or recurrence of particular health disorders often bring about changes in opinion and personal habits of the concerned individual. These changes are commonly referred to as behavioural change, adoption of which helps in enhancing the health outcome and well being of all patients (Patrick and Williams 2012). Jess asked Steve whether the latter had adopted any coping strategies to deal with the co-occurring mental health concern. She also questioned him on his drinking habits, frequency of drinking, and its potential impact on his social and family life. Answering these questions made him overwhelmed and he failed to hide his disappointment. This resulted in an emotional outburst and Steve began to cry. His responses help the interviewer to understand that he was not taking proper measures for coping with the problem. However, she was successful in making him understand that all possible efforts would be taken by the mental healthcare service to help him cope with the prevailing condition. This brought about a change in his behaviour, as depicted towards the end of the video. Identification of effects of substance abuse on lifestyle and health- Several researches have been conducted that successfully established association between drug abuse, alcoholism, and their potential negative implications on family life that includes children, parents, or partners. Moreover, substance abuse also results in increasing the severity of mental disturbance and often leads to depression, hallucination or anxiety (Lander, Howsare and Byrne 2013). Hence, it is essential to understand the attitude, feelings and knowledge of a patient regarding its impact. This helps in formulating a successful recovery plan. The interviewer was able to identify the frequency of alcohol drinking and the patient's understanding of its impact on his life. His responses suggested that he had lost his driving license and was unemployed. This can be related to the fact that substance abuse often results and discrimination towards the people and creates apprehension, which leads to loss of job an d unemployment, thereby contributing to financial stress (Mizock and Mueser 2014). The questions asked also helped the interviewer to understand that Steve suffered from social isolation, after being separated from his children, spouse and the community. Although Jess was initially judgmental in her approach while talking to her client, it is quite evident that during the later part of the interview, she was able to engage in an effective conversation. Asking mixed variety of questions (both open and close-ended) helped her to retrieve maximum information about Steve. Identification of stressors- A person suffering from chronic stress experiences negative impacts on the mental and physical health. Such people find it difficult to effectively cope with stress or recover from such stressful events. Negative changes such as unemployment, or separation from family members harms mental peace (Keller et al. 2012). The interviewer tried to understand whether Steve faced any stressful events, and what were their probable impacts. She questioned him several times to understand if his financial loss or separation from kids made him adopt a suicidal ideation by taking sleeping pills. On repeated questioning, she was able to understand that there was no manifestation of suicidal tendency in the patient, and he took the pills for only curing his sleeping problem. Effective interpersonal communication skills are also considered imperative in mental health nursing, and facilitate establishment of a therapeutic relationship with the clients (Cooper et al. 2012). The interviewer that helped her in gaining his trust, which made the latter, reveal relevant information regarding his physical and mental condition, and previous family history as well, accurately demonstrated this. Maintaining calmness, direct eye contact, and reassuring the patient that he will be provided with the adequate services for coping with the persisting condition was successful. Engagement- Jess demonstrated a moderate to good level of engagement with her client. Although initially she should have adopted a more friendly approach to facilitate easy initial contact and establishment of rapport, she was later on able to gain trust of her client and make him discuss about the difficulties he was facing. The total time allotted for the interview was quite less, and can be considered as a major hindrance to effective engagement. The interviewer should have spent more time for understanding the actual needs and demands of the client in order to formulate the care plan or his appointment with the mental health worker in future. Thus, it can be concluded that good communication skills were demonstrated by the interviewer Jess, which in turn facilitated her professional duty of gathering relevant information from the client regarding the factors that might have contributed to the co-occurring mental condition. Therefore, she was able to conduct the interview with the substance-abuse patient successfully. References Becker, S.P., Luebbe, A.M. and Langberg, J.M., 2012. Co-occurring mental health problems and peer functioning among youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a review and recommendations for future research.Clinical child and family psychology review,15(4), pp.279-302. Clement, S., Schauman, O., Graham, T., Maggioni, F., Evans-Lacko, S., Bezborodovs, N., Morgan, C., Rsch, N., Brown, J.S.L. and Thornicroft, G., 2015. What is the impact of mental health-related stigma on help-seeking? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies.Psychological medicine,45(1), pp.11-27. Cooper, L.A., Roter, D.L., Carson, K.A., Beach, M.C., Sabin, J.A., Greenwald, A.G. and Inui, T.S., 2012. The associations of clinicians implicit attitudes about race with medical visit communication and patient ratings of interpersonal care.American journal of public health,102(5), pp.979-987. Corrigan, P.W. and Rao, D., 2012. On the self-stigma of mental illness: Stages, disclosure, and strategies for change.The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry,57(8), pp.464-469. Corrigan, P.W., Druss, B.G. and Perlick, D.A., 2014. The impact of mental illness stigma on seeking and participating in mental health care.Psychological Science in the Public Interest,15(2), pp.37-70. Gunasekara, I., Pentland, T., Rodgers, T. and Patterson, S., 2014. What makes an excellent mental health nurse? A pragmatic inquiry initiated and conducted by people with lived experience of service use.International Journal of Mental Health Nursing,23(2), pp.101-109. Keller, A., Litzelman, K., Wisk, L.E., Maddox, T., Cheng, E.R., Creswell, P.D. and Witt, W.P., 2012. Does the perception that stress affects health matter? The association with health and mortality.Health Psychology,31(5), p.677. Lander, L., Howsare, J. and Byrne, M., 2013. The impact of substance use disorders on families and children: from theory to practice.Social work in public health,28(3-4), pp.194-205. Mizock, L. and Mueser, K.T., 2014. Employment, mental health, internalized stigma, and coping with transphobia among transgender individuals.Psychology of sexual orientation and gender diversity,1(2), p.146. Nabeel Al-Yateem RN, M.S.N., 2012. The effect of interview recording on quality of data obtained: a methodological reflection.Nurse Researcher (through 2013),19(4), p.31. Patel, V., 2012. Global mental health: from science to action.Harvard review of psychiatry,20(1), pp.6-12. Patrick, H. and Williams, G.C., 2012. Self-determination theory: its application to health behavior and complementarity with motivational interviewing.International Journal of behavioral nutrition and physical Activity,9(1), p.18. Ruiz, M.A., Douglas, K.S., Edens, J.F., Nikolova, N.L. and Lilienfeld, S.O., 2012. Co-occurring mental health and substance use problems in offenders: Implications for risk assessment.Psychological Assessment,24(1), p.77. Sommers-Flanagan, J. and Bequette, T., 2013. The initial psychotherapy interview with adolescent clients.Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy,43(1), pp.13-22. Thompson, I., Amatea, E. and Thompson, E., 2014. Personal and contextual predictors of mental health counselors' compassion fatigue and burnout.Journal of Mental Health Counseling,36(1), pp.58-77. Thompson, L. and McCabe, R., 2012. The effect of clinician-patient alliance and communication on treatment adherence in mental health care: a systematic review.BMC psychiatry,12(1), p.87. Wilson, C.J. and Deane, F.P., 2012. Brief report: Need for autonomy and other perceived barriers relating to adolescents intentions to seek professional mental health care.Journal of Adolescence,35(1), pp.233-237.

Richard Rodriguez On Bilinguel Education Essays - Linguistic Rights

Richard Rodriguez On Bilinguel Education Richard Rodriquez on Bilingual Education In Memories of a Bilingual Childhood, Richard Rodriquez argues against Bilingual Education with reflection to his own experiences. He states that It is not possible for a child, any child, ever to use his familys language in school. Not to understand this is to misunderstand the public uses of schooling and to trivialize the nature of intimate life. Rodriquez believes that school is a place in which people develop their public identity. To merge intimate aspects with public ones creates no distinction between the two and in result, both could be lost. As a child, Rodriquez associated intimacy with language. As time passed, the realization was that the language itself was not the source for Rodriquez. He concluded, to seek intimate sounds is to seek the company of intimates. So therefore, intimacy does not rely solely on words but rather on the presence of people. In defining public and private identity, he reminds us that one cannot be public and remain private at the same time. It would be as if he used his private language randomly in public, than the intimacy would be lost forever. It is important to keep some aspects of your life separate, but according to Rodriquez, success depends on your fluency in the public language. Without knowing the dominant language, it is very hard to obtain a job, or even go to the supermarket. As long as Bilingual Education is allowed, minorities will be put at a disadvantage in society. Richard Rodriquez believes that bilingual education hinders minorities from developing a public identity and is disadvantageous to their success because it does not push them to use the dominant language. Education

Health Care Debate Essay Topics

Health Care Debate Essay TopicsHealth care debate is among the most frequent argumentative essay topics. There are many students who consider this topic to be their major essay topic. So, when choosing a topic, they should not look only for the academic impact but also the impact on them personally.The subject of these argumentative essay topics is medicine and medical technology. There are many written arguments that can help you in solving many problems. The topics that can be used in this subject include modern medicine, medical research, the risks of medications, treatment methods, the value of medical education and psychology. Students can put all these topics in their research papers.To analyze the content of these topics, students can use their mind as well as their paper in solving problem areas. They can also use the information they have about the topics to solve problems related to these topics. These topics are very useful for students who have had problems in school rela ted to this topic. As for those students who want to participate in debates or in discussions, they can also use these topics as a topic in their essays.In health care debate, the first debate is on the theories that give rise to the health of patients. The second debate is on the impact of modern treatments on the patient's health. The third debate is on the value of doctors and the training they undergo. The fourth debate is on the value of educating patients and the purpose of that education. The fifth debate is on the ethics of the medical care.In health care debate, students have the chance to discuss some of the controversies of the healthcare. However, in this area, it is not easy to decide if a particular claim is true or not. However, students can refer to the American Medical Association's report 'The Health System Reform Agenda - Issues and Answers' to know what type of controversies exist regarding healthcare in the United States. Also, one can check out the White House website for health care and see the list of healthcare topics for the presidency.Moreover, in the health care debate, students should do independent research about the history of the medical field, its technological advancements and the debates and controversies in the field. Based on this information, students can create their own facts that can make them have a more effective argumentation in debate. Students can also read the medical journals in their local library and read the reports on these topics.Besides this, students can learn how to perform as a debater by reading articles and books about health care debate. They can also read articles about the history of the health care field and learn some of the important points that have been debated.

Mean Creek Essay Example

Mean Creek Essay Example Mean Creek Essay Mean Creek Essay In the film ‘Mean Creek’, the director Jacob Aaron Estes uses visual and verbal techniques to successfully convey the main idea of loss of innocence; this idea is relevant today to teenagers and shows their actions due to it. The main idea is presented to the viewer in three vignettes; banks of the river, burial site, and taking the police to the burial site. In the vignette ‘Banks of the river’ the director successfully displayed the use of verbal and visual techniques to show the relevant idea of loss of innocence.For instance, the visual technique blue filter shows that the characters have become sorrowful because of the death of George; it also makes the setting dark grey-blue which reflects how the characters lost their innocence. Another visual technique was the pull focus from George’s face to other main characters; it creates the effect that George is the centre of attention and he will be engraved in their minds, as they grow up they will rem ember how they lost their innocence and are guilty for George’s death. Further on, the director also uses verbal techniques.For example, Millie frantically screaming â€Å"wake up† to George, previously she was a polite and cheerful girl. This vignette shows her inner anger and sadness resulting in her to lose innocence. Another two verbal techniques that were used were the Foley effect and Lament music. The ‘Foley effect’ was used on the flies making them louder; this emphasises death and that the swarm of flies are on George’s dead body. The Lament music was played by the cello instrument in the background which made the vignette more funereal like.It shows to the viewer that the death is the main focus and that loss of innocence is relevant today because it shows how teenagers can lose it easily as they grow up and the consequences they will face in the present and future mentally. Another vignette that the director used to portray the idea of lo ss of innocence and successfully developed by visual and verbal techniques was the ‘burial site’. The director used the visual technique close up shot. It was used to express the facial features of the main characters.All of the characters were red yet getting pale; it also shows how the characters were hyperventilating because of the death of George. In addition, the director also used an establishing shot of the burial site, the setting at first was fresh and pure green but as the events occurred the vignette became dark and suspenseful. The verbal techniques that the director used were lack of dialogue and sudden silence. In this vignette lack of dialogue was evident as no characters were speaking, only heavily breathing; it shows that the characters were astonished and grieving over George’s death.The sudden silence technique was used when Millie stabbed the slug, nothing was to be heard for a moments. This reflects Millie’s loss of innocence because b efore the death of George she was peaceful and calm. The vignette is relevant today as it shows how an incident can ruin anyone’s life; it also accentuates that It can change the personality of one as they grow up. The ‘taking police to the burial site’ was also a vignette that the director effectively presented the main idea of loss of innocence through visual and verbal techniques.The visual technique mid-shot was used on the creek it shows that the creek was extremely misty and full of shadows giving the viewer the impression that death is present. Another visual technique was the p. a. n shot of the burial site; this shows to the viewer that death of George was official and it also suggests that characters have chosen the right pathway by telling the police what had happened. The director also presents the visual technique slowness of the water, at first during the day the water was rapid and the sunlight was reflecting off of it.In this vignette it is in con trast the water began to drift slowly across the creek which gives the impression of a tranquil mood. The verbal techniques of lament and synthetic music was also used. This really connects to the main idea as it emphasises the relevance of death and loss of innocence to real life situations today; it also shows that it can ruin someone’s life. ‘Digetic voice over cuts to non-digetic scene’ this suggests that the character George did not deserve this and also that he was different.He also says in his voice over â€Å" People that do not see inside my mind don’t get there are gazzilion things going on† This is relevant today as people should not judge one’s personality through looking at him or by his actions but to look inside and see his inner feelings. In conclusion, the director Jacob Aaron Estes successfully conveyed the idea of loss of innocence sing visual and verbal techniques in the three vignettes Banks of the river, Burial site and taking police to the burial site. The viewer’s learn the relevance of losing innocence and how it can affect them.

Premature Feedback

Premature Feedback We writers are a needy lot. We cant wait for feedback on our work. And in these days of instant communication via email and social media, we seek it earlier and earlier in the process. Some even ask for feedback on their ideas, before writing the first chapter, as if the other person could have a clue. Yet somewhere out there we can find someone wholl tell us its the grandest idea and destined for record-breaking success. Its like planting a seed and asking others how they think the tomato is going to taste. Someone will tell you they bet itll be phenomenal. The problem with seeking premature feedback is timing. First, the idea isnt fully fleshed out, therefore limiting the quality of the feedback. Without more information (i.e., quality of writing, the consummation of the plot), how in the world can the reader even tell? Second, those folks out there lose nothing in patting you on the head and making you feel good regardless of the concept. They recognize youre fragile, seeking validation for something as fleeting as an idea, so they tell you THAT SOUNDS GREAT and move on. Third, its in this introductory period, when you are the least sure of getting into bed with this idea, that you are the most vulnerable. You arent even sure of what you have. You havent lived with the idea long enough, molded and remolded it sufficiently to even have a form. Hold off asking for opinion. The earlier you ask for feedback, the more likely you are to get deterred from what might be your best writing. The best judge of a good idea is you, but only after youve mulled it over for a long while, or tested it Then theres always this possibility. You request feedback on your idea, and three people give it the thumbs down. Frustrated, you throw away a story that through trial and error, a couple rewrites, and dozen edits later could be Harry Potter, Gone Girl, or Murder on the Orient Express. Nobody on social media can make these types of decisions for you. And you are too vulnerable at this early stage to be asking them to help you do so. You are too easily persuaded to take the wrong path, whether you write a work that will never see the light of day or forget about a concept that could be career-setting. The masses cannot make such personal decisions. Take responsibility for vetting an idea long enough, and deep enough, to understand if it suits you. You have to live with it. They dont.

Assessment does not stand outside teaching and learning but stands in Essay

Assessment does not stand outside teaching and learning but stands in dynamic - Essay Example Informal or regular assessment is usually followed in classrooms because teaching often consists of frequent switches in who speaks and who listens, and teachers make many of their decisions within one second. In such a rapidly changing environment, where teachers have to think on their feet and are denied the luxury of hours of reflection over each of their pedagogic choices, assessment has to be carried out on the move. That is why so much informal assessment is often barely perceptible as the flow of the lesson continues, since it is neatly interlaced with normal-looking instruction and activities. Indeed, many teachers would not even regard the common question, ‘Is anybody not sure what you’re supposed to do?’ as assessment, but it is, informing the teacher of which pupils might need individual help before starting on the task in hand. Bennett has explored a large number of theories relating to pupil learning, teaching and assessment, and believes these theories has a lot more to do mainly on psychology rather than teaching and learning, Bennett offers an explanation of the ambivalence sensed by teachers in their quest to identify these theories which effectively inform their practice. He advances the notion that theories take limited account of the complexities of classroom life. The potential value of such theories seems, therefore, to be marginalized by teachers. In citing Doyle's work, Bennett indicates that classroom environments are complex places in which teachers and pupils adapt to each other and where the created environment impacts on them both. The classroom environment is built by the way of communication between teachers and pupils. Doyle's model of classroom learning processes proceeds on the assumption that 'learning is a covert, intellectual activity which proceeds in the socially complex, potentially rich environment'. If this perspective relates to teachers' experiences in carrying out their role then there are clear restrictions to the applications of many theories of learning to teaching contexts. (Dunn, 2002) Identifying the prominence of complexity by no means excuses careful exploration of the issues. It is recognised that one of the aims of schooling is to promote pupil learning yet it is not all agreed about what should be prioritised to comprise such learning. Further more, there remains considerable disagreement as to how learning occurs. It might be said that since the adoption of the National Curriculum we are nearer to agreeing what should be learnt. However, the ways in which learning occurs seems to be rather side-tracked from what are identified as more pressing mechanisms for teaching curriculum content with the main aim of measuring and raising standards.

Illustrate techniques that influence performance Essay

Illustrate techniques that influence performance - Essay Example These are personalities who like to be sensually animated and sexually roused. They regard eroticism as an abundant source of pleasure and prompt their romanticism through cuddling, tenderness and amorous care. They enjoy living one day at a time and prefer interruption to solemn work. These incoporate people motivated by Financial Incentive strive for a huge pay-off that comes as the fruit of their labor. They need to feel that their income and benefits equal the value of the time and energy they invest in their work. While it is a shared motivator, most people identify with high income earners, (those who do not want to work for peanuts), these individuals place more importance on remuneration than the average worker. This is not to say they are only after the big bucks; their main concern is having the money to afford a specific lifestyle that gives them the drive to succeed. They are willing to invest themselves, but will not do so without significant pay-off (Pandey, 2005). Apart from a desire to make an extremely high salary within a short time to feel happy upon employment, they would also want to see the long-term reward for the personal investment they put into their